TABLE D1-1. Nutritional Goals for USDA Daily Food Intake Patterns
Page 1, Goals for Vitamins¹
This table shows the nutritional goals for each proposed food intake pattern. The patterns are listed in the leftmost column, identified by calorie level. The target age/gender group(s) for each pattern are shown and the goals for each nutrient for that group are then listed. The source of the goal for each nutrient is shown at the top of the column. See the Notes page for additional information.

TABLE D1-1 (cont’d.): Nutritional Goals for USDA Daily Food Intake Patterns
Page 2, Goals for Minerals¹
This table shows the nutritional goals for each proposed food intake pattern. The patterns are listed in the leftmost column, identified by calorie level. The target age/gender group(s) for each pattern are shown and the goals for each nutrient for that group are then listed. The source of the goal for each nutrient is shown at the top of the column. See the Notes page for additional information.

TABLE D1-1 (cont’d.): Nutritional Goals for USDA Daily Food Intake Patterns
Page 3, Goals for Macronutrients¹
This table shows the nutritional goals for each proposed food intake pattern. The patterns are listed in the leftmost column, identified by calorie level. The target age/gender group(s) for each pattern are shown and the goals for each nutrient for that group are then listed. The source of the goal for each nutrient is shown at the top of the column. See the Notes page for additional information.

Notes for Table D1-1:

¹ Nutritional goals are from Institute of Medicine (IOM) Dietary Reference Intakes reports, 1997-2004 (RDA, AI, AMDR, UL); from Food and Drug Administration Daily Values for Nutrition Facts Labels (DV); and from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2000 (DG).

² Target groups are based on estimated energy requirements of sedentary individuals of reference height and weight from IOM Dietary Reference Intakes macronutrients report, 2002.

³ Nutritional goals based on Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA); Adequate Intakes (AI); Daily Values (DV); Upper Limits (UL); Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR); or Dietary Guidelines (DG) recommendations. AMDR are shown as a percentage of total calories.

⁴ Standards for sodium and potassium have been updated since the original release of this table, and now are based on the Dietary Reference Intakes report for fluids and electrolytes, issued in February 2004. The standard used for sodium is a moderation goal, to be no more than the UL, and for potassium an adequacy goal, to be at least the AI.

⁵ Added sugars: The reference amount is based on the suggestion from the Dietary Reference Intakes macronutrients report. In determining Food Guide Pyramid daily food intake patterns, amounts of added sugars in each pattern are calculated based on the calories that remain available, up to the energy goal, after food group and fat calories are considered.

⁶ Estimated total fiber recommendation is based on 14 grams of total fiber per 1000 calories, the basis for the total fiber Adequate Intakes recommendation in the DRI macronutrients report. Additional explanation for this choice is found in the text of the Federal Register notice.

⁷ Food patterns at the 2600, 2800, 3000, and 3200 calorie levels are not target patterns for any age/gender group, but they are suggested patterns for more active men. Sample comparisons with the nutritional goals for males ages 14 to 18 and 19 to 30 are listed here.

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Table D1-2. Probabilities of Adequacy for Selected Nutrients on the First 24-hour Recall among Adult CSFII 1994-96 Participants.Nutrients considered “shortfall” nutrients in bold.

¹ The probability of folate adequacy is underestimated because the folate intake values are expressed in milligrams of folate rather than dietary folate equivalents (DFEs), the unit used in Dietary Reference Intakes. DFEs account for the higher percent absorption of folate from foods fortified with folic acid, whereas milligrams of folate do not. Moreover, the food intake data from 1994-1996 do not reflect the current fortification of enriched grains with folic acid, required since 1998.

Source: Foote, et.al., 2004

Note: This table identifies the probability of adequacy for a nutrient, while table D1-4 identifies the probability of inadequacy for a nutrient.

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Table D1-3. Mean Dietary Intakes of Potassium and Fiber in Comparison with the Adequate Intake (AI).

Sources:

¹ For potassium: Ervin et al, 2004.

² For fiber: Agricultural Research Service, Results from USDA's 1994-96 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) Table Set 10.

³ Agricultural Research Service, analysis of CSFII 1994-1996, 1998 data

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Table D1-4. Percentage of School-aged Children Whose Usual Daily Nutrient Intake was Below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for all Children and by Age and Gender, 1994-1996. (Nutrients considered “shortfall” nutrients in bold)

¹ The percentage of children with folate intakes below the EAR is overestimated because the probability of folate adequacy is underestimated because the folate intake values are expressed in milligrams of folate rather than dietary folate equivalents (DFEs), the unit used in Dietary Reference Intakes. DFEs account for the higher percent absorption of folate from foods fortified with folic acid, whereas milligrams of folate do not. Moreover, the food intake data from 1994- 1996 do not reflect the current fortification of enriched grains with folic acid, required since 1998.

Sources: Suitor and Gleason, 2002

Note: This table identifies the probability of inadequacy for a nutrient, while table D1-2 identifies the probability of adequacy for a nutrient.

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Table D1-5. Food Sources of Vitamin A.

Table D1-5a. Food sources of vitamin A ranked by mcg RAE of vitamin A per standard amount; also calories in the standard amount. (All are ≥20% of RDA for adult men, which is 900 mcg RAE.)

Table D1-5b. Food Sources of vitamin A as consumed by Americans² (Percent of total consumption, CSFII, 1994-1996)

¹ Source: Agricultural Research Service Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 16-1. Mixed dishes and multiple preparations of the same food item have been omitted.

² Source: Cotton et al. 2004. Data are for persons aged 19 years and older, Day 1 intakes.

³ Food groups (n=9) contributing at least 1% in descending order: cakes/cookies/quick breads/doughnuts, cantaloupe, butter, tomato/vegetable juices, hot breakfast cereal, broccoli, meal replacements/protein supplements, peppers, and pies/crisps/cobblers.

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Table D1-6. Food Sources of Vitamin C.

Table D1-6a. Food sources of vitamin C ranked by milligrams of vitamin C per standard amount; also calories in the standard amount. (All are ≥20% of RDA for adult men, which is 90 mg.)

Table D1-6b. Food Sources of vitamin C as consumed by Americans.² (Percent of total consumption, CSFII, 1994-1996)

¹ Source: Agricultural Research Service Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 16-1. Mixed dishes and multiple preparations of the same food item have been omitted.

² Source: Cotton et al. 2004. Data are for persons aged 19 years and older, Day 1 intakes.

³ Food groups (n=12) contributing at least 1% in descending order: milk, bananas, cabbage, strawberries, spinach/ greens, potato chips/corn chips/popcorn, grapefruit, other melon (not cantaloupe) ready-to-eat cereal, lettuce, and peas.

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Table D1-7. Food Sources of Magnesium.

Table D1-7a. Food sources of magnesium ranked by milligrams of magnesium per standard amount; also calories in the standard amount. (All are ≥10% of RDA for adult men, which is 420 mg.)